Published July 21, 2014
I have asked the editors of Granma to relieve
me of the honor of publishing what I write on the front page of the official
organ of our Party, since I am thinking of expressing personal points of view
on issues which, for obvious reasons of health and time, I have not been able
to present in the collective leadership bodies of the Party or state, such as
Party Congresses or pertinent meetings of the National Assembly of People’s
Power.
In our era, problems are increasingly more
complex and news is produced at the speed of light, as many know. Nothing
happens today in our world, which does not teach something to those of us who
wish, and are still able, to understand new realities.
The human being is a strange mixture of blind
instinct, on one hand, and conscience, on the other.
We are political animals, as, not without
reason, affirmed Aristotle, who perhaps influenced humanity’s thinking more
than any other ancient philosopher through his almost 200 treatises, according
to reports, of which only 31 have been preserved. His teacher was Plato, who
left for posterity his famous utopia about the ideal state, which in Syracuse,
where he tried to apply it, almost cost him his life. His Political Theory has
endured as a designation used to describe ideas as good or bad. Reactionaries
often describe both Marx and Lenin as theorists, without taking into
consideration that their utopias inspired Russia and China, the two countries
called upon to lead a new world which will allow for human survival, if
imperialism does not first unleash a criminal, exterminating war.
The Soviet Union, the socialist camp, the
People’s Republic of China and North Korea helped us resist, with essential
supplies and weapons, the implacable blockade of the United States, the most
powerful empire ever to exist. Despite its immense power, it has not been able
to squash the small country which has, a few miles off its coasts, for more
than half a century, withstood its threats, pirate attacks, the hijacking of
fishing boats and sinking of merchant ships, the in-flight destruction of a
Cubana Airlines airplane over Barbados, the burning of schools and other
similar misdeeds.
When it attempted to invade our country with
mercenary forces in the vanguard, transported by U.S. warships as the first
wave, it was defeated in less than 72 hours. Later, counterrevolutionary bands
organized and equipped by the U.S. committed acts of vandalism which led to
loss of life and injury to thousands of compatriots.
The largest base of operations for activities
against our country, which existed at that time, was located in the state of
Florida. Over the course of time, the economic blockade was extended to other
NATO countries and other Latin American allies, who during those first years
were accomplices to the empire’s criminal policy which lacerated the dreams of
Bolívar, Martí and hundreds of other great patriots of irrepressible
revolutionary conduct in Latin America.
Our small country was not only denied our
right to be an independent nation, like any other among the many in Latin
America and the Caribbean, exploited and sacked by them. On the contrary our
homeland’s right to independence would be stripped, and manifest destiny would
fulfill its task of annexing our island as part of the United States of
America’s territory.
During the recently concluded meeting in
Fortaleza, an important declaration was approved by the countries which
comprise the BRICS group.
The BRICS propose greater macroeconomic
coordination among the principal economies, in particular the G-20, as a factor
fundamental to the strengthening of prospects for effective and sustainable
recovery around the world.
They announced the signing of an accord to
constitute the New Development Bank with the goal of mobilizing resources for
infrastructure projects and sustainable development in BRICS countries, and
others which are emerging or developing.
The bank will have an initial authorized
capital of 100 billion dollars. The initial capital agreed upon will be 50
billion dollars, in equal parts from the founding members. The first president
of the Board of Governors will be Russia. The first president of the
Administrative Council will be Brazil. The first president of the Bank will be
India. The Bank headquarters will be in Shanghai.
They also announced the signing of a treaty
to establish a common currency reserves fund for contingencies, with an initial
size of 100 billion dollars.
Support was reaffirmed for a multilateral
system of open, transparent, inclusive, non-discriminatory trade; as well as
for the successful conclusion of the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Doha
Round.
They recognize the important role which state
enterprises play in the economy, as well as small and medium sized companies,
as creators of employment and wealth.
They reaffirm the need for comprehensive
reform of the United Nations, including its Security Council, with the goal of
making it more representative, effective and efficient, so that it can respond
appropriately to global challenges.
They reiterated condemnation of terrorism in
all its forms and manifestations, wherever it might occur, and expressed their
concern about the continuing threat of terrorism and extremism in Syria, while
at the same time called upon all Syrian parties to commit to putting an end to
terrorist acts perpetrated by Al-Qaeda, their affiliates and other terrorist
organizations.
They strongly condemned the use of chemical
weapons under any circumstances, and welcomed the decision by the Arab Republic
of Syria to adhere to the Convention on Chemical Weapons.
They reaffirmed their commitment to
contribute to a just and lasting global solution to the Arab-Israeli conflict,
based on the universally recognized legal framework, which includes pertinent
United Nations resolutions, the Madrid principles and the Arab Peace
Initiative, and expressed support for the convocation, as soon as possible, of
a conference to establish a zone free of nuclear weapons and other weapons of
mass destruction in the Middle East.
They reaffirmed their desire that the
exploration and utilization of outer space be for peaceful purposes.
They reiterated that there is no alternative
to a negotiated solution to the Iranian nuclear question, and reaffirmed their
support for its solution via political and diplomatic channels.
They expressed concern for the situation in
Iraq, and supported the Iraqi government in its efforts to overcome the crisis,
defend its national sovereignty and territorial integrity.
They expressed concern for the situation in
Ukraine and issued a call for broad dialogue, abatement of the conflict, and
moderation on the part of all parties involved, with the goal of finding a
peaceful political solution.
They reiterated their firm condemnation of
terrorism in all its forms and manifestations and pointed out that the United
Nations has a central role to play in the coordination of international action
against terrorism, which must be conducted in accordance with international
law, including the United Nations Charter, and with respect for human rights
and fundamental liberties.
They recognized that climate change is one of
the greatest challenges confronting humanity, and issued a call to all
countries to act on the decisions adopted by the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), looking to reach, by 2015, a successful
conclusion of the negotiations to develop a protocol, another legal instrument
or an agreed-upon document with legal force under the Convention, applicable to
all parties, in accordance with the principles and dispositions of the UNFCCC,
in particular the principle of common responsibility, although differentiated
and in accordance with respective capacities.
They affirmed the strategic importance of
education for sustainable development and inclusive economic growth, and
emphasized the links between culture and sustainable development.
The next BRICS Summit will be held in Russia,
in July, 2015.
It might seem that this is but one more
agreement among the many constantly appearing in cables released by the major
Western news agencies. Nevertheless, the meaning is clear and emphatic: Latin
America is the geographic area in the world where the United States has imposed
the most unequal system on the planet, enjoying of its internal riches, a
supply of cheap raw materials, a market for its merchandise, and has been the
recipient of its gold and funds which escape their respective countries and are
invested by U.S. companies in the country, or any other place in the world.
No one has ever found a response to satisfy
the demands of the existent market we know today, although no one can doubt
that humanity is moving toward a stage which will be more just than the human
society we have known to date.
The abuses committed throughout history are
repugnant. Today what is valued is what will happen on our globalized planet in
the near future.
How can human beings escape the ignorance,
the lack for basic resources for food, heath, education, housing, dignified
employment, security and fair compensation. What is most important, must be
this or not possible, in this miniscule corner of the universe. If meditating
on this is of any use, it is to guarantee in reality the supremacy of human
beings.
On my part, I do not have the slightest doubt
that when President Xi Jinping completes the activities in his tour of this
hemisphere, as did Vladímir Putin, President of the Russian Federation, both
countries will be culminating one of the greatest feats of human history.
The BRICS statement approved July 15, 2014 in
Fortaleza advocates for greater participation by other countries, especially
those struggling for their development, with a view toward promoting
cooperation and solidarity with the peoples, and specifically with those of
South America, pointing out in a significant paragraph that the BRICS
particularly recognize the importance of the South American Union (Unasur) in
the promotion of peace and democracy regionally, in the achievement of
sustainable development, and the eradication of poverty.
I have already been extensive enough, despite
the fact that the range and importance of the issue demand analysis of
important questions which require some response.
I thought that in subsequent days there would
have been a little more serious analysis of the importance of the BRICS Summit.
It would be enough to add up the inhabitants of Brazil, Russia, India, China
and South Africa to understand that, at this time, they amount to half of the
world’s population. In a few decades, China’s Gross Domestic Product will
surpass that of the United States. Many states are already requesting yuan and
not dollars, not only Brazil, but several of the most important in Latin
America, whose products like soy and corn compete with those of the United
States. The contribution which Russia and China can make to science, technology
and the economic development of South America and the Caribbean is decisive.
The great events of history are not forged in
a day. Enormous tests and challenges of increasing complexity are on the
horizon. Between China and Venezuela, 38 agreements were signed. It is time to
know a little more about realities.
Fidel Castro Ruz
July 21, 2014
10:15 p.m.
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